5.1 summary

=Carbon is the main ingredient of organic molecules=

*organic molecule=most carbon-bases molecules
*Inorganic molecule=Non-carbon-based molecules ex)H2O, O2, NH2

*Hydrocarbon=organic molecule that are composed of only carbon & hydrogen
*functional groups=group of atoms within a molecule that interacts in predictable ways with other molecules

*hydrophilic=functional group that attracts water

*monomers=large molecules that are built from many similar, smaller molecular units
*polymers=linked monomers together into long chains.

a polymer

Note=!

*Carbon skeletons and functional groups

-carbon> very common, has four partly-filled electrons in its highest energy level.
-Functional groups are important because carbon skeleton and the attached functional groups determine the properties of organic molecule

-Hydrocarbon=organic molecule that are composed of only carbon & hydrogen

-Hydrocarbons molstly used as fuel, gas.

ex) Methane(CH4).

-hydrophilic molecules(attract water molecules) such as hydroxyl groups tend to become surrounded by water molecules.

*Monomers and Polymers

-Bimolecules> composed of hundreds or even millions of atoms. Monomers create these.
-Polymers: the chains with monomers linked together.

-All different polymers are built from a collection of fewer than 50 kinds of monomers.

-Classification for life's large molecules: carbohydrates, lipid, proteins, and nuclei acids.

ex) spider's web is an example of polymer that is made out of protein

*Building and breaking polymers

Dehydratiion: two monomers bond to each other, making a polymer chain longer.

-Each time a monomer is added to a chain, a water molecule is released.

Ex) Hydroxyl group of one monomer reacts with a hydrogen atom from the other monomer releasing a water molecule eventually.

Hydrolysis: the addition of a water molecule breads the polymer chain.

-Our cells break down the monomers to obtain energy by adding a water molecule into it.

-Basicully water molecule has been removed to build a polymer

*Concept Check 5.1

1. Draw a molecule that has a three carbon skeleton and a hydroxyl group on the middle carbon (Hint: The molecule's fromula is C3H8O.)

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2. Explain the connection between monmomers and polymers

-Polymers are the chain that is made of lots of monomers linked together and monomers are just one molecular units.

3.What molecule is released during constrcution of a polymer? What is this reaction called?

- a water molecule will be released and this reaction is called dehydration reaction

4.Draw at least three ways in which five carbon atoms could be joined to mke different carbon skeletons.