Chpater 5.2 summary

= Carbohydrates provide fuel and building material=

*Carbohydrate: an organic compound made up of sugar molecules.

Monosaccharides: a one sugar unite that sugars contain.

ex) glucose, fructose, and galactose
-Sugar molecules, particularly glucose, becomes stored energy by being broken by cells.
*Disaccharide: a double sugar made of two monosaccharidefromed by the dehydration. The most common disaccharide is surcrose made of a glucose monomer and fructose monomer. It is mainly found plants to nourish every part.

*Polysaccharides or carbohydrates: a long polymer chains made up of simple sugar monomers.

Starch, for an example, is sugar stockpiles. Plants break down starch moleculse, and use the stored glucose for energy. Ex) potatoes, rice, and corn
starch

Animal cells have glycogen instead of starch. Glycogen is a chain of many glucose monomers. Whenver body needs energy it breads down glycogens to release glucose.

*Cellulose is one of polysaccharides in plants. They are linked together with hydrogen bonds, forming fibers. Animals cannot digest cellulose because animals cannot bread down cellulose. Therefore, cellulose does not become nutrition for animals but it helps our digestion while being digested in our body without being broken.

*Carbohydrates are hydrophilic. It is because of the many hydroxyl groups in sugar units, so they dissolve easily in water but cellulose does not dissolve in water because they have large moleules.

*Concept Check 5.2

1. Explain the difference between a monosaccharide and a disaccharide. Give an example of each.

-Monosaccharide is a single sugar unit and glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples for it. Disaccharide is double sugar and sucrose is an example.

2. Compare and contrast starch, glycogen, and cellulose.

- Stache, glycogen, and cellulose are all polysaccharides and are made of glucose monomers. However, starch is found in plants and humans use the plant starch as food by breaking it down in their digestive systems. Glycogen is more highly branched than a starch. They are stored in liver and muscle cells for our energy. Cellulose, serving as building materials, protect cells and stiffen the plant.

3. How do animals store excess glucose molecules?

- Animals store glucose molecules in liver and muscle cells and whenever it is needed for energy, it breaks down and extract the stored energy.